Lesson 2 - Talking about location and motion.  

runx-zox kaxj-kox o.
I'm going to the store.

runx-zox rix'max rqnx.
I'm going out of the house.

dejv miq-i runx-van.
Dave is on his way (or, in transit).

sqiqm-cxa miq-i swynx sin tyn-van.
The computer is on the desk. 

vax onx bjynq hxy-i tyn-zox.
I put a grapefruit into my digestion.

vax-onx-zox bjynq hxy-i.
I eat a grapefruit.

raxm tu-i vax-onx-zox kjiq hxy-i.
The cat eats the mouse.

kjiq miq-i raxm nxiqw-i vax inx tyn-van.
The mouse is in the cat's digestion.

In the last lesson we talked a little about the verb endings {zox} and
{van}.  It may please you to know these are about the only verb forms
you need to learn.  No tenses, aspects, moods, and the like.  There is
also the reflexive ending {ca} that we'll come to later.

{zox} shows an action.  The most common motion verbs are 
{runx-zox}, to go or come, and {tyn-zox}, to put in place.

{van} shows a state of being.  {tyn-van} means "be located at" a
place.  {runx-van} is being in motion.

In the above examples you saw several words describing where something
is: {o} "to", {sin} "on", {inx} "in",  {onx} "into", {rqnx} "out of".
gzb has more than 100 words describing the position or motion of
something like English "at, to, from, into...".  But you don't have to
memorize them all.  They're put together systematically from
consonants and vowels that specify the meaning of the words.

If a word contains one of the vowels {i, o, rq} you know it's a place
or motion postposition, and you know in general whether something is
in place or moving.

i	  at, near
o	  to, toward
rq	  away from, out of

Consonants coming before or after one of these vowels makes it more specific.
{nx} following shows the inside of a place, {n} its outer surface, and
{j} being near something but not touching it.

inx	  inside
in	  outside
onx	  into
on	  to the outside of
rqnx	  from inside of
rqn	  from outside of
ij	  near
oj	  toward (but not yet all the way to)
rqj	  from somewhere (not having been right there)

Obviously some of these are rarely useful, but they are available if
you need this precision.

A consonant preceding one of these core postpositions shows
orientation about a place.  {sin}, {son} mean "on, onto"; generally
{s} before a place or motion vowel indicates the top or upper part of
a place.  Try to generalize from these other examples:

raxm miq-i  zxy-rjax-van swynx txi.
The cat is sleeping under the table.

zqax-van kaxj-kox vij.
I'm waiting outside the store.

kq tyn-i rix'max miq-i "Atlanta bi nxiqn-i.
My house is north of Atlanta.

A full list of the space relation consonants is in the grammar
reference.  I'll introduce more of them in other lessons.

Two new role-markers were also introduced in the example sentences
above.  {tu-i} points to the agent or actor in a sentence, {hxy-i} to
the thing acted upon.  These roles correspond more or less to the
"subject" and "object" positions in an English sentence that describes
an action.

raxm tu-i vax-onx-zox kjiq hxy-i.
== kjiq hxy-i vax-onx-zox raxm tu-i.
== vax-onx-zox raxm tu-i kjiq hxy-i.
The cat eats the mouse.

The {tu-i} phrase, the {hxy-i} phrase and the verb can come in any
order.  But  {tu-i} and {hxy-i} always come _after_ the noun they
mark.

Note that {tu-i}, {hxy-i}, {miq-i} and {nxiqn-i} all contain the word
{i} (in, at, near).  All  the abstract role markers in gzb are derived
from a noun plus one of the basic spatial postpositions.  {tu}, {hxy},
{miq} and {nxiqn} can & do occur as regular nouns.

pq tu-i twax-cu i gjax-zox miq rynx nxiqn-i.
In his book {twax-cu} he talks of many subjects {miq}.


Vocabulary

swynx	     Table, desk; any piece of furniture you pile your stuff on, 
tyn	     place
tyn-van	     to be at, on, near...
tyn-zox	     to put in place
runx	     motion, going, coming
runx-zox     to go, come

kaxj	     buying, selling
kaxj-kox     store
rix'max	     house 
zqax	     waiting

raxm	     cat
kjiq	     mouse
bjynq	     grapefruit